-
1 σπουδή
A haste, speed, σπουδὴν ἔχειν make haste, Hdt. 9.89; σ. ἔσται τῆς ὁδοῦ haste on the journey, Th.7.77;ὅκως ἂν αὐτὸν ὁρῶσι σπουδῆς ἔχοντα Hdt.9.66
; χωρίον.., οἷ σπουδὴν ἔχω whither I am hastening, Ar.Lys. 288;τοῖς μήτε σχολὴν μήτε σπουδὴν διαγινώσκουσιν Thphr.Char.3.6
; σπουδῇ in haste, v. infr. IV;σὺν σπουδῇ ταχύς S.Ph. 1223
; σὺν πάσῃ ς. with all dispatch, POxy.63.5 (ii/iii A.D.);διὰ σπουδῆς E.Ba. 212
, X.HG6.2.28, etc.;ἐκ σπουδῆς Arist.Mir. 837a15
; μετὰ ς. Ev.Marc.6.25, cf. Hdn.6.4.3, etc.;κατὰ σπουδήν Th.1.93
, 2.90, X.An.7.6.28, etc. (but this sense freq. runs into the next).II zeal, pains, trouble, effort,ἄτερ σπουδῆς Od.21.409
; σῆς ὑπὸ ς. A.Th. 585;σπουδῆς οὐκ ἀξία S.OT 778
, cf. Pl.R. 604c, etc.; freq. in dat. σπουδῇ, zealously, v. infr. IV. 3; soσὺν σπουδῇ Id.Lg. 818c
; σὺν πολλῇ ς. X.An.1.8.4; ἐπὶ μεγάλης ς. Pl.Smp. 192c; μετὰ πολλῆς ς. Id.Chrm. 175e; σπουδὴν ποιεῖσθαι exert oneself, take pains, be eager, Th.4.30; c. inf., Hdt.3.4, 7.205;σ. πολλὴν ποιέεσθαι Id.6.107
;πᾶσαν σ. ποιήσασθαι ὅπως.. PHib.1.71.9
(iii B.C.); σ. ποιεῖσθαι περί τινος Pl.Smp. 177c; περί τινα ib. 179d;ἐπί τινι Luc.Salt.1
: c. gen., σπουδήν τινος ποιήσασθαι make much ado about.., Hdt.1.4; σπουδαὶ λόγων κατατεινομένων zeal for the conflicting arguments, E.Hec. 130 (anap.);πρός τι D.S.17.114
;ἀμφὶ Κυράνας θέμεν σ. ἅπασαν Pi.P.4.276
;ὅτου χάριν σ. ἔθου τήνδ' S.Aj.13
; σ. ἔχειν, c. inf., to be eager, Hdt.6.120; c. acc. et inf., Id.7.149;σ. ἔχειν τινός E.Alc. 778
, 1014;περί τινος Pl. Amat. 136c
; ;ὅπως τι γένηται D.H.Comp.22
;σ. γίγνεται περί τι Pl.Phdr. 276e
;σ. ἐστι περὶ πραγμάτων D.8.2
; ; ἡ σ. τῆς ἀπίξιος my zeal in coming, Hdt.5.49, cf. S.Fr. 257; ὅπλων σπουδῇ with great attention to the arms, Th.6.31, cf. Pl.Lg. 855d: pl., ἐπιμέλειαι καὶ σ. πλήθους γεννημάτων eagerness for.., ib. 740d; zealous exertions, E. Ion 1061 (lyr.), Arist.Rh. 1370a12.b in a religious sense, zeal,πρὸς τὴν θεάν Inscr.Magn.85.12
(ii B.C.), cf.Ep.Rom.12.11; ἐνδείκνυσθαι ς. Ep.Hebr.6.11.2 esteem, regard for a person, διὰ τὴν ἐμὴν ς. Antipho 6.41;πάνυ πολλῆς σ. ἄξιος X.Smp.1.6
; good will, good offices,σ. ὑπέρ τινος 2 Ep.Cor.8.16
, cf. PTeb.314.9 (ii A.D.); support in political life, Plu.Crass.7: pl., party feelings or attachments, rivalries,σ. ἰσχυραὶ φίλων περί τινος Hdt.5.5
;κατὰ σπουδάς Ar.Eq. 1370
, Ael.VH3.8; σπουδαὶ ἐρώτων erotic enthusiasms, Pl.Lg. 632a.III earnestness, σ. ἔχειν, ποιεῖσθαι,= σπουδάζειν, E.Ph. 901, Ar.Ra. 522;σπουδῆς μὲν μεστοί, γέλωτος δὲ ἐνδεέστεροι X.Smp.1.13
, cf. 2 Ep.Cor.7.11, etc.: freq. with a Prep., in adv. sense, ἀπὸ σπουδῆς ἀγορεύεις in earnest, seriously, Il.7.359, 12.233; μετὰ σπουδῆς, opp. ἐν παιδιαῖς, X.Smp.1.1; μετά τε παιδιᾶς καὶ μετὰ ς. Pl.Lg. 887d; , cf. Smp. 197e;καὶ χωρὶς σπουδῆς καὶ μετὰ σπουδῆς ἐπαινεῖν Arist.Rh. 1366a29
.IV σπουδῇ as Adv., in haste, hastily,προερέσσαμεν Od.13.279
;ἀνάβαινε 15.209
;στρατιὴν ἄγειν Hdt.9.1
, cf. 89; [dialect] Dor.,σπουδᾷ ἐξελθοῦσα IG42(1).121.21
(Epid., iv B.C.); freq. in [dialect] Att.,σ. πάνυ Th.8.89
, etc.;σπουδῇ ποδός E.Hec. 216
.2 with great exertion and difficulty, and so, hardly, scarcely,σπουδῇ ἕζετο λαός Il.2.99
, cf. 5.893, Od.3.297;σ. παρπεπιθόντες Il.23.37
, Od.24.119.3 earnestly, seriously, urgently, τί με καλεῖς σπουδῇ; E.Ph. 849;σπουδῇ ἀκούειν Pl.R. 388d
;σ. χαριεντίζεσθαι Id.Ap. 24c
; πάνυ ς. attentively, Id.Phd. 98b; πολλῇ ς. very busily, Hdt.1.88, Ar.Th. 791, X.Cyr.4.5.12, etc.;πάσῃ σ. μανθάνειν Pl.Lg. 952a
, etc. -
2 duro
adj.1 hard, hard-core, stiff, strong.2 hard, hard-boiled, hard-bitten, severe.3 hard, tough, difficult, rough.4 headstrong, unbending, obdurate.5 harsh, severe.adv.hard, with force.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: durar.* * *► adjetivo1 hard3 (difícil) hard, difficult4 (cruel) tough, hardhearted, callous5 (resistente) strong, tough6 (obstinado) obstinate, stubborn1 (antiguamente) five pesetas; (moneda) five-peseta coin2 familiar tough guy► adverbio1 hard\ser duro,-a de mollera to be thick, be as thick as two short planks————————1 (antiguamente) five pesetas; (moneda) five-peseta coin2 familiar tough guy► adverbio1 hard* * *1. adv. 2. (f. - dura)adj.1) hard2) harsh3) rough* * *duro, -a1. ADJ1) (=resistente) [material, superficie, cama, agua] hard; [cable, alambre] stiff; [pan] hard, stale; [carne] tough; [legumbres] hard; [articulación, mecanismo] stiff; [músculo] firm, hard2) (=agresivo) [clima, tiempo, crítica] harsh, severe; [deporte, juego] rough; [ataque] fierce; [castigo, sentencia] severe, harsh; [carácter, actitud] toughfue un duro golpe para el partido — it was a severe o heavy blow to the party
una postura dura contra la droga — a tough stance o hard line against drugs
es muy duro con sus hijos — he's very strict o tough with his children
hay que tener mano dura con los estudiantes — you have to be firm o strict with students, students need a firm hand
3) (=difícil) [tarea, prueba, examen] hardel slálom es una prueba muy dura — the slalom is a very hard o tough race
lo tienes duro para aprobar — * it will be hard o difficult for you to pass
¡qué dura es la vida! — it's a hard life!
4) * (=torpe)es muy duro para las matemáticas — he's hopeless o no good at maths *
duro de mollera — dense *, dim *
duro de oído — (=medio sordo) hard of hearing; (Mús) tone deaf
5) Méx* (=borracho)2.ADV hardpégale o dale duro — hit him hard
3.SM (=cinco pesetas) five pesetas; (=moneda) five-peseta coinestar sin un duro — * to be broke *
- ¡lo que faltaba para el duro!- ¡y que te den dos duros!vender duros a tres pesetas —
cree que en Estados Unidos venden duros a tres pesetas — he thinks that in the States the streets are paved with gold
4. SM / F1) [en película, historia] tough characterse hizo el duro para disimular su tristeza — he acted the tough guy o hard man in order to hide his sadness
2) (Pol) hard-liner* * *I- ra adjetivo1) < mineral> hard; < material> hard, tough; <asiento/colchón> hard; < carne> tough; < músculo> hard; < pan> stale3)a) (severo, riguroso) < persona> harsh, hard; <castigo/palabras> harsh, severe; <crítica/ataque> harsh; < clima> harsh; < juego> rough, hardestuviste or fuiste demasiado duro con él — you were too hard on him
b) (difícil, penoso) <trabajo/vida> hard, toughestar duro — (Méx fam) ( poco probable) to be unlikely; ( muy difícil) to be tough
estar duro de pelar — (fam) < problema> to be tough o hard (colloq)
ser duro de pelar — (fam) < persona> to be a hard o tough nut to crack
4) (Per) ( tacaño) (fam) tight (colloq), stingy (colloq)IIadverbio (esp AmL) <trabajar/estudiar/llover> hardhable más duro — (Col, Ven) speak up!
reírse duro — (Col, Ven) to laugh loudly
agárrense duro — (Col, Ven) hold on tight
duro y parejo — (AmL fam) flat out
IIIdarle duro y parejo al trabajo — to work flat out
1) ( en España) (Hist) five-peseta coinestar sin un duro — (Esp fam) to be broke (colloq)
2)a) (fam) ( en películas) tough guyb) (Pol) hardliner* * *I- ra adjetivo1) < mineral> hard; < material> hard, tough; <asiento/colchón> hard; < carne> tough; < músculo> hard; < pan> stale3)a) (severo, riguroso) < persona> harsh, hard; <castigo/palabras> harsh, severe; <crítica/ataque> harsh; < clima> harsh; < juego> rough, hardestuviste or fuiste demasiado duro con él — you were too hard on him
b) (difícil, penoso) <trabajo/vida> hard, toughestar duro — (Méx fam) ( poco probable) to be unlikely; ( muy difícil) to be tough
estar duro de pelar — (fam) < problema> to be tough o hard (colloq)
ser duro de pelar — (fam) < persona> to be a hard o tough nut to crack
4) (Per) ( tacaño) (fam) tight (colloq), stingy (colloq)IIadverbio (esp AmL) <trabajar/estudiar/llover> hardhable más duro — (Col, Ven) speak up!
reírse duro — (Col, Ven) to laugh loudly
agárrense duro — (Col, Ven) hold on tight
duro y parejo — (AmL fam) flat out
IIIdarle duro y parejo al trabajo — to work flat out
1) ( en España) (Hist) five-peseta coinestar sin un duro — (Esp fam) to be broke (colloq)
2)a) (fam) ( en películas) tough guyb) (Pol) hardliner* * *duro11 = harsh [harsher -comp., harshest -sup.], severe [severer -comp., severest -sup.], stiff [stiffer -comp., stiffest -sup.], tough [tougher -comp., toughest -sup.], flinty [flintier -comp., flintiest -sup.], hard [harder -comp., hardest -sup.], stern, rough [rougher -comp., roughest -sup.], rugged, hard-nosed, unfeeling, tough-minded, hard-line, hardy [hardier -comp., hardiest -sup.], hard-wearing, gruelling [grueling, -USA].Ex: In this unhappy pattern SLIS are not being singled out for especially harsh treatment.
Ex: Obviously if it were not for the fact that such indexes also have severe limitations there would be little need to produce any other type of subject index.Ex: Ironically, however, the internal organisation walls librarians have built to categorise materials by format remain stiff and solid.Ex: As educators, then, we need to ask ourselves some very tough questions -- some to which we would rather not hear the answers.Ex: 'I wish she'd tell me when she asks one of my people to do something,' she added in the same flinty tone.Ex: The amount of stuffing in the balls was varied to suit the nature of the work; large, soft balls with weak ink were used for low-grade work; small, hard balls and strong ink for work of better quality.Ex: There are two good reasons for this stern rule.Ex: The changes for the latter group are going to be abrupt, and rough -- very revolutionary.Ex: The article 'Where no drive has gone before: ruggedized CD-ROM drives' provides examples of conditions where CD-ROM drives need to be particularly rugged (severe industrial conditions, severe shock and vibration conditions, and severe military conditions).Ex: Companies must adopt a hard-nosed attitude in judging the cost benefits of teletext.Ex: The discourteous, unfeeling, & degrading reception encountered by job applicants is discussed.Ex: Carnegie was a conservative, rigidly moralistic, and tough-minded individualist.Ex: Many school districts have adopted a hard-line approach to reducing unexcused absenteeism; in one such district, truancy rates were reduced 45 percent when truants and their parents were taken to court.Ex: These plants are often not as hardy when placed in the garden under less than hothouse conditions.Ex: The manufacturers of this type of artificial turf say that while the grass is soft and springy underfoot it is extremely tough and hard-wearing.Ex: He has become one of the first people in the world to complete a gruelling foot race involving four deserts on four different continents.* actuar duro = play + hardball.* a duras penas = with great difficulty.* arreglárselas a duras penas = muddle through.* avanzar a duras penas = flounder, grind on.* cara dura = impudence, effrontery, blatancy, shameless, shamelessness.* ciencias duras, las = hard sciences, the.* dar duro = pack + a wallop.* de línea dura = hard-line.* disco duro = hard disc.* dura realidad = fact of life, harsh reality.* duro como una piedra = rock-hard.* duro de corazón = hard-hearted.* duro de oído = hard-of-hearing.* duro despertar = rude awakening.* duro golpe = cruel blow.* duro revés = cruel blow.* edición en cubierta dura = hardcover.* edición en tapas duras = hardcover.* ganarse la vida a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.* hacerse el duro = play it + cool, play + hard to get.* hueso duro = tough nut.* hueso duro de roer = uphill struggle, tough nut to crack, hard nut to crack.* huevo duro = hard-boiled egg.* la parte más dura de = brunt of, the.* libro impreso en pastas duras = board book.* madera dura = hardwood.* ¿mano blanda o mano dura? = the carrot vs. the stick.* mano blanda y mano dura = carrots and sticks.* mano dura = iron fist, iron hand.* más duro que la suela de un zapato = as tough as leather, as tough as nails, as tough as nuts, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.* más duro que una piedra = as tough as nuts, as tough as nails, as tough as leather, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.* paladar duro = hard palate.* pastas duras = hard cover.* personas que son duras de oído, las = hard of hearing, the.* pornografía dura = hard core pornography.* puro y duro = unvarnished.* recibir duras críticas = take + a pounding, take + a beating.* salir adelante a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.* sector duro = hard sector.* tan duro como el pedernal = as hard as nails.* tan duro como la piedra = as hard as nails.* tan duro como la suela de un zapato = as tough as leather, as tough as nails, as tough as nuts, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.* tan duro como una piedra = as hard as nails, as tough as nuts, as tough as nails, as tough as leather, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.* tenerlo duro = not be easy.* tener un duro despertar = rude awakening + be in store.* trabajar duro = labour [labor, -USA], toil, slave away.* trabajo duro = hard graft, hard labour, thirsty work, hard work.duro2* dejar a Alguien sin un duro = take + Nombre + to the cleaners.* estar sin un duro = not have a bean.* faltar el canto de un duro para = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, come + very close to.* no tener un duro = not have a bean.* novela a duro = dime and nickel novel.* sin un duro = broke, down-and-out, skint, penniless.* * *A1 ‹mineral› hard; ‹material› hard, tough; ‹asiento/colchón› hard; ‹carne› tough; ‹músculo› hardlas zanahorias todavía están duras the carrots are still hard2 ‹pan›este pan está duro como una piedra this bread is rock-hardpan duro para rallar stale bread for making breadcrumbs3 (entumecido) ‹cuello/dedos› stiffestoy duro de frío ( fam); I'm frozen stiffB1 ‹luz/voz› harsh; ‹facciones› hard, harsh2 ‹agua› hardC1 (severo, riguroso) ‹persona› harsh, hard; ‹castigo/palabras› harsh, severe; ‹crítica/ataque› harsh; ‹clima› harshestuviste demasiado duro con él you were too hard on himuna postura más dura a tougher linelos defensores de la línea dura the hardliners, those who favor a tough stanceel equipo es famoso por su juego duro the team is notorious for its rough o hard playlo que hace falta aquí es una mano dura what's needed here is a firm hand2 (difícil, penoso) ‹trabajo/vida› hard, toughfue un golpe muy duro para ella it was a very hard o a terrible blow for hera las duras y a las maduras through thick and thin ( colloq)está duro que nos aumenten el sueldo it's unlikely that we'll get a pay riseser duro de pelar ( fam); ‹persona› to be a hard o tough nut to crackes duro para los idiomas he's useless at languages ( colloq)duro2( esp AmL) ‹trabajar/estudiar/llover› hard¡pégale duro! hit him hard!¡agárrate duro! hold on tight!le estamos dando duro we're working hard on itlos periódicos le dieron duro the newspapers gave him a rough ridehable más duro (Col, Ven); speak up!estábamos riéndonos muy duro (Col, Ven); we were laughing very loudlyagárrense duro (Col, Ven); hold on tightcorrimos bien duro (Col, Ven); we ran really fastdarle duro y parejo al trabajo to work flat outduro3A (en España) ( Hist) five-peseta coinB1 ( fam) (en películas) tough guy2 ( Pol) hardliner* * *
Del verbo durar: ( conjugate durar)
duro es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
duró es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
durar
duro
durar ( conjugate durar) verbo intransitivo
◊ ¿cuánto dura la película? how long is the film?
c) (Col, Ven) See Also→ demorar a
durarse verbo pronominal (Ven) See Also→
duro 1 -ra adjetivo
1 ( en general) hard;
‹ carne› tough;
‹ pan› stale;
2 ‹luz/voz› harsh;
‹ facciones› hard, harsh
3
‹ juego› rough, hard;
una postura más dura a tougher line
duro 2 adverbio (esp AmL) ‹trabajar/estudiar/llover› hard;
‹ hablar› (Col, Ven) loudly
duro 3 sustantivo masculino ( en España) (Hist) five-peseta coin
durar verbo intransitivo
1 to last
2 (ropa, calzado) to wear well, last
duro,-a
I adjetivo
1 hard: ... y también dos huevos duros,... and also two hard-boiled eggs
2 (insensible, intransigente) harsh, hard: su mirada era dura, her look was harsh
3 (violento, brusco) rough: aguanté una dura reprimenda, I endured a rough reprimand
II m (moneda) five-peseta coin
III adverbio hard
' duro' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bregar
- canto
- disco
- dura
- durante
- edificación
- golpe
- huevo
- larga
- largo
- mollera
- oído
- pelar
- roer
- sobremesa
- suela
- tarugo
- aplastar
- entrado
- noviazgo
- pesado
- piedra
- rock
- tieso
English:
achieve
- blow
- broke
- celebration
- cold-hearted
- dammit
- disc
- disk
- easy
- elbow-grease
- empire
- exacting
- exertion
- graft
- grill
- gristle
- hard
- hard disk
- hard porn
- hard-boiled
- hard-core
- harsh
- hawkish
- lack
- last
- long
- nail
- not
- nougat
- nut
- penny
- punishing
- recognition
- rough
- rugged
- second
- severe
- slog
- stale
- stark
- stiff
- sweat
- thrive
- toil
- tough
- tough-minded
- arduous
- boil
- dense
- firm
* * *duro, -a♦ adj1. [objeto, material, superficie] hard;[carne] tough; [pan] stale;estas peras están todavía muy duras these pears are still hard o not ripe;Vulgponérsele dura a alguien: se me puso dura I got a hard-on;estar duro como una piedra to be rock-hard;más dura será la caída: cuanto más famosos se hagan, más dura será la caída the more famous they get, the worse it is when they fall from popularity;Famser duro de mollera [estúpido] to be thick in the head;[testarudo] to be pigheaded; Famser duro de oído to be hard of hearing2. [cerradura, grifo, mecanismo] stiff;los cajones van un poco duros the drawers are a bit stiff3. [agua] hard4. [penoso, inclemente] [clima, invierno] harsh, severe;[etapa, experiencia, vida] hard, tough;fue un golpe muy duro para todos it was a heavy blow for everybody;Famestar a las duras y a las maduras [sin rendirse] to be there through thick and thin;[sin quejarse] to take the rough with the smooth5. [severo, áspero] [persona, palabras, críticas] harsh, severe;[acciones, medidas, condena] harsh; [postura, sector] hard-line; [juego, partido] rough;estuvo muy duro con él he was very hard on him;el ala dura del partido the hard-line faction of the party;una entrada muy dura [de futbolista] a very hard tackle6. [fuerte, resistente] tough;un tipo duro a tough guy;Famser duro de pelar to be a hard nut to crack♦ nm1. [persona] tough guy;[en partido político] hardliner;hacerse el duro to act toughme debes 1.000 duros you owe me 5,000 pesetas;5 duros [moneda] 25-peseta coin;estar sin un duro to be flat broke;Fam¡lo que faltaba para el duro! that really is all we needed!;Fam♦ adv1. [mucho] hard;trabajar duro to work hardhablar duro to talk loudly;reír duro to laugh noisilynadan muy duro, es imposible alcanzarlos they're very strong swimmers, it's impossible to catch thempégale duro hit him hard* * *I adj2 clima, figharsh3:duro de oído fam hard of hearing;duro de corazón hard-hearted;ser duro de pelar be a tough nut to crackII adv hardIII m five peseta coin* * *duro adv: hardtrabajé tan duro: I worked so hardduro, -ra adj1) : hard, tough2) : harsh, severe* * *duro1 adj1. (en general) hard2. (carne, persona) tough3. (castigo, clima) harsh4. (pan) staleduro2 adv hardduro3 n five peseta coin -
3 कष्ट
kashṭamfn. (perhaps p.p. of kash Pāṇ. 7-2, 22 Vop. 26, 111 Kāṡ. on Pāṇ. 6-2, 47),
bad R. ;
ill, evil, wrong Mn. MBh. R. Suṡr. etc.;
painful Suṡr. ;
grievous, severe, miserable Mn. XII, 78 Yājñ. III, 29 Bhartṛ. ;
difficult, troublesome Mn. VII, 186 and 210 ;
worst Mn. VII, 50 and 51 ;
pernicious, noxious, injurious Suṡr. ;
dangerous (= kṛicchra) Pāṇ. 7-2, 22 Nal. XIII, 16 ;
inaccessible (= gahana) Pāṇ. 7-2, 22 ;
boding evil Comm. on Pāṇ. 3-2, 188 ;
m. « N. of a man» seeᅠ kāshṭāyana;
(in rhetoric) offending the ear Vām. II, 1, 6 ;
forced, unnatural;
(am) n. a bad state of things, evil, wrong;
pain, suffering, misery, wretchedness;
trouble, difficulty;
bodily exertion, strain, labour, toil, fatigue, weariness, hardship, uneasiness, inquietude (mental orᅠ bodily) R. Kathās. Pañcat. Ṡak. Hit. ;
kashṭāt-kashṭam, orᅠ kashṭataram, worse than the worst;
kashṭena orᅠ kashṭāt, with great difficulty Pañcat. ;
(am) ind. an exclamation of grief orᅠ sorrow;
ah! woe! aIas! MBh. R. Mṛicch. ;
- कष्टकर
- कष्टकारक
- कष्टगुग्गुल
- कष्टतपस्
- कष्टतर
- कष्टता
- कष्टत्व
- कष्टभागिनेय
- कष्टमातुल
- कष्टलभ्य
- कष्टश्रित
- कष्टसाध्य
- कष्टस्थान
- कष्टागत
- कष्टाधिक
- कष्टार्थ
-
4 πόνος
πόνος, ου, ὁ (πένομαι ‘toil’; Hom.+)① work that involves much exertion or trouble, (hard) labor, toil (Onesicritus [c. 310 B.C.]: 134 Fgm. 17a Jac.: because of the ὕβρις of humans, Zeus brought the utopian state of affairs in India to an end, and sent πόνος into the life of humans [cp. ἐν λύπαις Gen 3:17]; Ps 89:10; Philo; Jos., Ant. 3, 49; 18, 244) πόνον ἔχειν ὑπέρ τινος Col 4:13 (πόνον ἔχειν: Il. 15, 416; Hes., Shield 305; Paus. 4, 16, 3. As mark of distinction, SJohnstone, Virtuous Toil, Vicious Work—Xenophon on Aristocratic Style: ClPh 89, ’94, 219–40.—Theocr. 7, 139 has π. with a ptc. in the sense ‘take pains’). μετὰ πόνου with difficulty, laboriously, painstakingly (Pla., Soph. 230a μετὰ πολλοῦ πόνου) Dg 11:8. According to ABoegehold (Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 23, ’82, 147–56), the years 424–421 B.C. mark a trend in the direction of② experience of great trouble, pain, distress, affliction (Thu. 2, 49, 3; X., Mem. 2, 2, 5; Aelian, NA 7, 30 p. 190, 9, VH 5, 6 [CPJones, ClPh 79, ’84, 43f]; SIG 708, 11; POxy 234 II, 24; 37; Is 65:14; Job 4:5; TestJob 52:1; JosAs; ApcMos 5; Just., A I, 21, 2 φυγῇ πόνων) w. πένθος and κραυγή Rv 21:4 (cp. Is 35:10; Pind., P. 10, 42 in a description of the blissful Hyperboreans). εἶναι ἐν πόνῳ (cp. Gen 34:25; TestJob 24:6 ἐν πόνοις; Just., D. 125, 5) 1 Cl 16:3f (Is 53:4). ἀφαιρεῖν ἀπὸ τ. πόνου τῆς ψυχῆς (ἀφαιρέω 2a.—πόνος τ. ψυχῆς: Maximus Tyr. 1, 4b) vs. 12 (Is 53:10f). Of the Crucified One ὡς μηδὲ πόνον ἔχων as though he felt no pain at all GPt 4:10. Of a hailstone πῶς πόνον παρέχει how much pain it causes, how much it hurts Hm 11:20. ἐκ τοῦ π. in pain (Appian, Iber. 97 §423) Rv 16:10; pl. (Gen 41:51; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 146; Test Jud 18:4) ἐκ τῶν π. (Eur., Fgm. 364 Nauck2) because of their sufferings vs. 11. πόνους ὑποφέρειν undergo hardships 1 Cl 5:4.—HKuist, Biblical Review 16, ’32, 415–20 (πόνος, μόχθος).—B. 540. Schmidt, Syn. II 611–25 πονηρός. DELG s.v. πένομαι. M-M. Spicq. Sv.
См. также в других словарях:
difficulty — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) That which is hard to overcome Nouns 1. difficulty, hardness, impracticability, hard work, uphill work, hurdle; hard task, Herculean task, large order, hard row to hoe; task of Sisyphus, Sisyphean labor; … English dictionary for students
Mill, John Stuart: Ethics and politics — J.S.Mill Ethics and politics R.F.Khan ON LIBERTY John Stuart Mill’s mature views on ethics and politics are to be found in On Liberty (published in 1859), Utilitarianism (1861), Considerations on Representative Government (1861) and The… … History of philosophy
Christianity — /kris chee an i tee/, n., pl. Christianities. 1. the Christian religion, including the Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox churches. 2. Christian beliefs or practices; Christian quality or character: Christianity mixed with pagan elements; … Universalium
ḤASIDISM — ḤASIDISM, a popular religious movement giving rise to a pattern of communal life and leadership as well as a particular social outlook which emerged in Judaism and Jewry in the second half of the 18th century. Ecstasy, mass enthusiasm, close knit … Encyclopedia of Judaism
The United States of America — The United States of America † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The United States of America BOUNDARIES AND AREA On the east the boundary is formed by the St. Croix River and an arbitrary line to the St. John, and on the north by the… … Catholic encyclopedia
1st Cavalry Regiment (United States) — Infobox Military Unit unit name=1st Cavalry Regiment caption=1st Cavalry distinctive unit insignia dates= 2 March, 1833 24 April 2007 country=USA branch=Regular Army type=Cavalry for much of its existence role= size= command structure= current… … Wikipedia
hard — /hahrd/, adj., harder, hardest, adv., harder, hardest, n. adj. 1. not soft; solid and firm to the touch; unyielding to pressure and impenetrable or almost impenetrable. 2. firmly formed; tight: a hard knot. 3. difficult to do or accomplish;… … Universalium
A Talent for War — Infobox Book | name = A Talent for War image caption = 2004 Paperback Edition Cover author = Jack McDevitt cover artist = Darrell K. Sweet (First U. S. edition) country = United States language = English series = Alex Benedict genre = Science… … Wikipedia
Planetfall — Infobox VG| title = Planetfall developer = Infocom publisher = Infocom designer = Steve Meretzky engine = ZIL released = Release 20: July 8 1983 Release 26: October 14, 1983 Release 29: January 18 1984 Release 37: October 3 1985 Solid Gold: May… … Wikipedia
respiratory disease — ▪ human disease Introduction any of the diseases and disorders that affect human respiration (respiration, human). Diseases of the respiratory system may affect any of the structures and organs that have to do with breathing, including the… … Universalium
cardiovascular disease — Introduction any of the diseases, whether congenital or acquired, of the heart and blood vessels (blood vessel). Among the most important are atherosclerosis, rheumatic heart disease, and vascular inflammation. Cardiovascular diseases are a … Universalium